Kusiyana pakati pa mabatire a nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium mabatire ndi mabatire a lithiamu

Mabatire a NiMH

Mabatire a nickel-metal hydride amapangidwa ndi ayoni a haidrojeni ndi nickel yachitsulo.Ali ndi mphamvu zochulukirapo 30% kuposa mabatire a nickel-cadmium, opepuka kuposa mabatire a nickel-cadmium, ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wautali.Iwo ndi ochezeka ndi chilengedwe ndipo alibe zotsatira kukumbukira.Kuipa kwa mabatire a nickel-metal hydride ndikuti mtengo wa mabatire a nickel-cadmium ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yoipa kuposa ya mabatire a lithiamu.

Lithium Ion Battery

Batire lamphamvu kwambiri lopangidwa ndimabatire a lithiamu-ion. Batire ya lithiamu-ionndi mtundu wabatire yanzeru, imatha kugwirizana ndi charger yapadera yoyambirira yanzeru kuti ikwaniritse nthawi yayifupi kwambiri yolipiritsa, moyo wautali kwambiri komanso mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri.Batire ya lithiamu-ionndiye batire yabwino kwambiri pakadali pano.Poyerekeza ndi mabatire a nickel-cadmium ndi mabatire a nickel-hydrogen of the same size, ili ndi mphamvu yosungiramo mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri, yopepuka kwambiri, imakhala ndi moyo wautali, nthawi yayitali yolipiritsa, komanso yopanda kukumbukira.

Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya mabatire omwe amatha kuchangidwanso: mabatire a lead-acid ndi mabatire a alkaline.Mabatire a nickel-cadmium (NiCd), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) ndi lithiamu-ion (Li-Ion) omwe akugwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi mabatire a alkaline.

NiMH batire positive mbale chuma ndi NiOOH, negative mbale chuma ndi hydrogen-absorbing aloyi.Electrolyte nthawi zambiri imakhala 30% ya KOH yamadzimadzi, ndipo NiOH yocheperako imawonjezeredwa.Diaphragm imapangidwa ndi porous vinylon yopanda nsalu kapena nayiloni yopanda nsalu.Pali mitundu iwiri ya mabatire a NiMH: cylindrical ndi square.

Mabatire a NiMH ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino otulutsa kutentha pang'ono.Ngakhale pa kutentha kozungulira kwa -20 ° C, pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yaikulu (pa mlingo wa 1 C) kuti itulutse, magetsi otulutsidwa amatha kufika kupitirira 85% ya mphamvu yodziwika.Komabe, pamene mabatire a NiMH ali pa kutentha kwakukulu (pamwamba pa + 40 ° C), mphamvu yosungirako idzatsika ndi 5-10%.Kutayika kwa mphamvu chifukwa cha kudziletsa (kutentha kwapamwamba, kuwonjezeka kwadzidzidzi) kumasinthidwa, ndipo mphamvu yaikulu imatha kubwezeretsedwa ku maulendo angapo otulutsa.Mphamvu yotseguka ya batire ya NiMH ndi 1.2V, yomwe ndi yofanana ndi batire ya NiCd.

Njira yolipirira mabatire a NiCd/NiMH ndiyofanana kwambiri, imafunikira kulipiritsa nthawi zonse.Kusiyanitsa pakati pa ziwirizi makamaka ndi njira yodziwira kuthetsa kuthamangitsidwa mwachangu kuti batire isachuluke.Chojambulira chimagwira ntchito nthawi zonse pa batri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imazindikira mphamvu ya batri ndi zina.Mphamvu ya batire ikakwera pang'onopang'ono ndikufika pachimake, kuthamangitsa kwa batire ya NiMH kumathetsedwa, pomwe batire la NiCd, kuyitanitsa kumathetsedwa mphamvu ya batri ikatsika -△V koyamba.Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa batire, kulipiritsa mwachangu sikungayambike kutentha kwa batire kuli kotsika kwambiri.Pamene kutentha kwa batri Tmin kutsika kuposa 10°C, njira yotsatsira pang'onopang'ono iyenera kusinthidwa.Kutentha kwa batri kukafika pamtengo wotchulidwa, kulipira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi yomweyo.

Mabatire a nickel-cadmium

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbale yabwino ya nickel-cadmium batire ya NiCd imapangidwa ndi nickel oxide powder ndi graphite powder.Graphite satenga nawo gawo pazosintha zamakina, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu ndikuwonjezera madulidwe.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mbale yoyipa zimapangidwa ndi ufa wa cadmium oxide ndi iron oxide powder.Ntchito ya chitsulo okusayidi ufa ndi kupanga cadmium okusayidi ufa kukhala apamwamba diffusable, kuteteza agglomeration, ndi kuonjezera mphamvu ya mbale electrode.Zida zogwira ntchito zimakutidwa ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi perforated, zomwe zimakhala mbale zabwino ndi zoipa za batri pambuyo posindikizidwa.Ma mbale a polar amasiyanitsidwa ndi ndodo zoteteza mphira zolimba za alkali kapena matabwa a malata a polyvinyl chloride.The electrolyte nthawi zambiri potassium hydroxide solution.Poyerekeza ndi mabatire ena, mlingo wodzitulutsa wa mabatire a NiCd (ndiko kuti, mlingo umene batire imataya mphamvu ikasagwiritsidwa ntchito) ndi yochepa.Pogwiritsa ntchito mabatire a NiCd, ngati sanatulutsidwe mokwanira, adzatulutsidwa, ndipo nthawi ina akadzatulutsidwa, sangathe kutulutsa mphamvu zawo zonse.Mwachitsanzo, ngati 80% ya batire yatsitsidwa ndikuyatsidwa kwathunthu, batire imatha kungotulutsa 80% ya batire.Izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa memory effect.Zachidziwikire, maulendo angapo otulutsa / kuyitanitsa abwezeretsa batire ya NiCd kuti igwire bwino ntchito.Chifukwa cha kukumbukira kwa mabatire a NiCd, ngati sanatulutsidwe kwathunthu, batire iliyonse iyenera kutulutsidwa pansi pa 1V isanaperekedwe.