Batire ya lithiamu-ion kapena batire ya Li-ion (yofupikitsidwa ngati LIB) ndi mtundu wa batire yowonjezedwanso.Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagetsi onyamula komanso magalimoto amagetsi ndipo akuchulukirachulukira pantchito zankhondo ndi zakuthambo.Batire yamtundu wa Li-ion idapangidwa ndi Akira Yoshino mu 1985, kutengera kafukufuku wakale wa John Goodenough, M. Stanley Whittingham, Rachid Yazami ndi Koichi Mizushima mzaka za m'ma 1970s-1980s, ndipo batire ya Li-ion yamalonda idapangidwa ndi a. Sony ndi Asahi Kasei gulu motsogozedwa ndi Yoshio Nishi mu 1991. Mu 2019, Nobel Prize mu Chemistry anapatsidwa Yoshino, Goodenough, ndi Whittingham "pa chitukuko cha lithiamu ion mabatire".

M'mabatire, ma ion a lithiamu amasuntha kuchoka ku electrode yolakwika kudzera mu electrolyte kupita ku electrode yabwino panthawi yotulutsa, ndi kubwereranso pamene akuchapira.Mabatire a Li-ion amagwiritsa ntchito lifiyamu wosakanikirana ngati zinthu zomwe zili pa electrode yabwino komanso graphite pa electrode yoyipa.Mabatire ali ndi mphamvu zambiri, osakumbukira (kupatula ma cell a LFP) komanso kudzitsitsa pang'ono.Zitha kukhala zoopsa chifukwa zimakhala ndi ma electrolyte oyaka, ndipo ngati awonongeka kapena oyimbidwa molakwika angayambitse kuphulika ndi moto.Samsung idakakamizika kukumbukira zida zam'manja za Galaxy Note 7 kutsatira moto wa lithiamu-ion, ndipo pakhala pali zochitika zingapo zokhudzana ndi mabatire pa Boeing 787s.

Chemistry, magwiridwe antchito, mtengo ndi chitetezo zimasiyana m'mitundu ya LIB.Zamagetsi zam'manja nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mabatire a lithiamu polima (okhala ndi gel osakaniza polima ngati electrolyte) okhala ndi lithiamu cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) ngati zinthu za cathode, zomwe zimapereka mphamvu zambiri, koma zimakhala ndi zoopsa zachitetezo, makamaka zikawonongeka.Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), lithiamu manganese oxide (LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, kapena LMO), ndi lithiamu nickel nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNiMnCoO2 kapena NMC) amapereka mphamvu zochepa koma moyo wautali komanso mwayi wochepa wa moto kapena kuphulika.Mabatire oterowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, zida zamankhwala, ndi maudindo ena.NMC ndi zotuluka zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amagetsi.

Malo ofufuza a mabatire a lithiamu-ion akuphatikizapo kukulitsa moyo, kuchulukitsa mphamvu, kuwongolera chitetezo, kuchepetsa mtengo, ndi kuwonjezereka kwa liwiro la kulipiritsa, pakati pa ena.Kafukufuku wachitika m'dera la ma electrolyte osayaka ngati njira yopititsira chitetezo chowonjezereka potengera kupsa ndi kusakhazikika kwa zosungunulira za organic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu electrolyte wamba.Njira zimaphatikizapo mabatire amadzi a lithiamu-ion, ma electrolyte a ceramic olimba, ma electrolyte a polima, zakumwa za ionic, ndi makina opangidwa ndi fluorinated kwambiri.

Battery motsutsana ndi cell

Selo ndi gawo loyambira la electrochemical lomwe lili ndi maelekitirodi, olekanitsa, ndi ma electrolyte.

Batire kapena paketi ya batri ndi gulu la ma cell kapena ma cell, okhala ndi nyumba, zolumikizira zamagetsi, komanso mwina zamagetsi kuti aziwongolera ndi kutetezedwa.

Anode ndi cathode electrodes
Kwa maselo otha kuwonjezeredwa, mawu akuti anode (kapena electrode negative) amatanthauza electrode kumene okosijeni ikuchitika panthawi yotulutsa;electrode ina ndi cathode (kapena electrode positive).Panthawi yoyendetsa, electrode yabwino imakhala anode ndipo electrode yolakwika imakhala cathode.Kwa maselo ambiri a lithiamu-ion, electrode ya lithiamu-oxide ndi electrode yabwino;kwa titanate lithiamu-ion cell (LTO), electrode ya lithiamu-oxide ndiye electrode yoyipa.

Mbiri

Mbiri

Varta lithiamu-ion batire, Museum Autovision, Altlussheim, Germany
Mabatire a Lithium adapangidwa ndi katswiri wamankhwala waku Britain komanso wolandila nawo mphotho ya Nobel ya 2019 ya chemistry M. Stanley Whittingham, yemwe tsopano ali ku Binghamton University, akugwira ntchito ku Exxon mu 1970s.Whittingham adagwiritsa ntchito titaniyamu (IV) sulfide ndi lithiamu chitsulo ngati maelekitirodi.Komabe, batire ya lithiamu yowonjezeredwayi siyingakhale yothandiza.Titanium disulfide inali chisankho cholakwika, chifukwa iyenera kupangidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yosindikizidwa kwathunthu, komanso kukhala yokwera mtengo (~$1,000 pa kilogalamu ya titanium disulfide yaiwisi mu 1970s).Titaniyamu disulfide ikalowa mumlengalenga, imayamba kupanga hydrogen sulfide, yomwe imakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa komanso lowopsa kwa nyama zambiri.Pachifukwa ichi, ndi zifukwa zina, Exxon anasiya chitukuko cha Whittingham lithiamu-titaniyamu disulfide batire. [28]Mabatire okhala ndi maelekitirodi azitsulo a lithiamu amatulutsa nkhani zachitetezo, monga chitsulo cha lithiamu chimachita ndi madzi, kutulutsa mpweya woyaka wa haidrojeni.Chifukwa chake, kafukufuku adasunthira kupanga mabatire omwe, m'malo mwa zitsulo za lithiamu, pali ma lithiamu okha, omwe amatha kuvomereza ndikutulutsa ma ion a lithiamu.

Kulumikizana kosinthika kwa graphite ndikulumikizana mu cathodic oxides kudapezeka mu 1974-76 ndi JO Besenhard ku TU Munich.Besenhard adapempha kuti agwiritse ntchito m'maselo a lithiamu.Kuwola kwa electrolyte ndi kuphatikizana kwa zosungunulira mu graphite zinali zovuta zoyambilira za moyo wa batri.

Chitukuko

1973 - Adam Heller adapereka batire ya lithiamu thionyl chloride, yomwe imagwiritsidwabe ntchito pazida zamankhwala zobzalidwa komanso m'makina odzitchinjiriza komwe kumafunika kukhala ndi alumali wazaka zopitilira 20, kachulukidwe kamphamvu, komanso / kapena kulolera kutentha kwambiri.
1977 - Samar Basu adawonetsa electrochemical intercalation ya lithiamu mu graphite ku yunivesite ya Pennsylvania.Izi zinayambitsa chitukuko cha workable lifiyamu intercalated graphite elekitirodi pa Bell Labs (LiC6) kupereka m'malo kwa lifiyamu zitsulo elekitirodi batire.
1979 - Kugwira ntchito m'magulu osiyana, Ned A. Godshall et al., Ndipo, posakhalitsa, John B. Goodenough (Oxford University) ndi Koichi Mizushima (Tokyo University), anasonyeza rechargeable lithiamu selo ndi voteji mu 4 V osiyanasiyana ntchito lithiamu. cobalt dioxide (LiCoO2) monga elekitirodi zabwino ndi lithiamu zitsulo monga elekitirodi negative.Izi zatsopano zidapereka zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi zomwe zidathandizira mabatire oyambira a lithiamu.LiCoO2 ndi khola zabwino elekitirodi zakuthupi amene amachita monga wopereka lifiyamu ayoni, kutanthauza kuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zoipa elekitirodi zakuthupi ena kuposa lithiamu zitsulo.Pothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zokhazikika komanso zosavuta kunyamula ma elekitirodi opanda ma elekitirodi, LiCoO2 idathandizira makina a batri omwe amatha kuchangidwanso.Mulungu et al.Anazindikiranso mtengo wofanana wa ternary compound lithiamu-transition metal-oxides monga spinel LiMn2O4, Li2MnO3, LiMnO2, LiFeO2, LiFe5O8, ndi LiFe5O4 (ndipo kenaka lithiamu-copper-oxide ndi lithiamu-nickel-oxide cathode materials mu 1985)
1980 - Rachid Yazami adawonetsa kusintha kwa electrochemical intercalation ya lithiamu mu graphite, ndipo anapanga lithiamu graphite electrode (anode).Ma electrolyte a organic omwe analipo panthawiyo amatha kuwola pakulipiritsa ndi electrode ya graphite negative.Yazami anagwiritsa ntchito electrolyte yolimba kuti asonyeze kuti lithiamu ikhoza kusinthidwa mosinthika mu graphite kudzera mu makina a electrochemical.Pofika m'chaka cha 2011, ma elekitirodi a graphite a Yazami anali electrode yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamabatire a lithiamu-ion.
Elekitirodi yoyipa idachokera ku PAS (polyacenic semiconductive material) yopezedwa ndi Tokio Yamabe ndipo kenako Shjzukuni Yata koyambirira kwa 1980s.Mbewu ya luso limeneli anali kupeza ma polima conductive ndi Pulofesa Hideki Shirakawa ndi gulu lake, ndipo zikhoza kuonedwa ngati anayamba ku polyacetylene lithiamu ion batire yopangidwa ndi Alan MacDiarmid ndi Alan J. Heeger et al.
1982 - Godshall et al.anapatsidwa Patent US 4,340,652 ntchito LiCoO2 monga cathodes mu lithiamu mabatire, zochokera Godshall a Stanford University Ph.D.dissertation ndi zolemba za 1979.
1983 - Michael M. Thackeray, Peter Bruce, William David, ndi John Goodenough anapanga spinel ya manganese ngati cathode yogulitsira malonda kwa mabatire a lithiamu-ion.
1985 - Akira Yoshino adasonkhanitsa cell prototype pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu za carbonaceous zomwe ma lithiamu ion amatha kuikidwa ngati electrode imodzi, ndi lithiamu cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) monga ina.Izi zinathandiza kuti chitetezo chikhale bwino.LiCoO2 idathandizira kupanga mafakitale ndikupangitsa batire ya lithiamu-ion.
1989 - Arumugam Manthiram ndi John B. Goodenough anapeza gulu la polyanion la cathodes.Iwo anasonyeza kuti maelekitirodi zabwino munali polyanion, mwachitsanzo, sulfates, kupanga voteji apamwamba kuposa oxides chifukwa inductive zotsatira za polyanion.Gulu ili la polyanion lili ndi zinthu monga lithiamu iron phosphate.

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